Sacrifice and Cadaver Donation :: Religion Death Dying Essays

Sacrifice and Cadaver Donationthough the pr affectice of break is most commonly associated with devotional practices for specific religions, religious ceremony is not the sole arena for sacrificial rituals. In fact, grant discharge be used loosely to describe each number of profane activities. Parents make sacrifices for their children students often sacrifice fun for academic success, and athletes sacrifice social immunity and body comfort for their sport. Yet these examples of profane sacrifice are only related to religious sacrifice distantly, the description of sacrifice must be stretched kind of a bit in order for these layman compromises to be equated with the ritual offerings and practices of religious sacrifice. However, there is one secular institution that incorporates a practice of sacrifice that is very similar to devotional religious sacrifice. In their book on the nature and function of sacrifice, Henri Hubert and Marcel Mauss define sacrifice as religious act wh ich, through consecration of the victim, modifies the condition of the moral soulfulness who accomplishes it or that of certain objects with which he is concerned. i Though this definition presupposes that sacrifice is specifically a religious act, the use of clays for study can be applied to Hubert and Mausss definition and explication of sacrifice. The practice of donation and dissection of human cadavers for education shares characteristics such as the presence of a sacrifier, sacrifice, and sacrificer, all of whom participate in a ritual that allows each histrion to experience a modified condition as a result of participating in this ritual. In this way, bodily donation and dissection for education is sacrifice.Ritual Donation, Preparation, and Dissectionthither are essentially two different methods by which an one-on-one can come to be gived as a cadaver for research or for educational dissection. ii Either an individual can volunteer their own body for donation, or the f amily of the deceased can donate a body post hmortem. In both case, there is a strict procedure that is followed in the United States of America, which includes the legal procedure of relinquishing a body, and continues through the embalming, dissecting, and cremating of the cadaver. The two methods of donation, either by the individual or by their family, are accompanied by the same legal protocol to ensure the cadaver will be used for its intended purpose and its remains will be returned to the family. This protocol goes as followsWho Can DonateAny competent person 18 years of age or everyplace may donate their body for medical education and research.Sacrifice and Cadaver Donation Religion Death Dying EssaysSacrifice and Cadaver DonationThough the practice of sacrifice is most commonly associated with devotional practices for specific religions, religious ceremony is not the sole arena for sacrificial rituals. In fact, sacrifice can be used loosely to describe any number of profane activities. Parents make sacrifices for their children students often sacrifice fun for academic success, and athletes sacrifice social freedom and body comfort for their sport. Yet these examples of profane sacrifice are only related to religious sacrifice distantly, the definition of sacrifice must be stretched quite a bit in order for these secular compromises to be equated with the ritual offerings and practices of religious sacrifice. However, there is one secular institution that incorporates a practice of sacrifice that is very similar to devotional religious sacrifice. In their book on the nature and function of sacrifice, Henri Hubert and Marcel Mauss define sacrifice as religious act which, through consecration of the victim, modifies the condition of the moral person who accomplishes it or that of certain objects with which he is concerned. i Though this definition presupposes that sacrifice is specifically a religious act, the use of cadavers for education can be applied to Hubert and Mausss definition and explication of sacrifice. The practice of donation and dissection of human cadavers for education shares characteristics such as the presence of a sacrifier, sacrifice, and sacrificer, all of whom participate in a ritual that allows each participant to experience a modified condition as a result of participating in this ritual. In this way, bodily donation and dissection for education is sacrifice.Ritual Donation, Preparation, and DissectionThere are essentially two different methods by which an individual can come to be donated as a cadaver for research or for educational dissection. ii Either an individual can volunteer their own body for donation, or the family of the deceased can donate a body post hmortem. In either case, there is a strict procedure that is followed in the United States of America, which includes the legal procedure of relinquishing a body, and continues through the embalming, dissecting, and cremating of the cadaver . The two methods of donation, either by the individual or by their family, are accompanied by the same legal protocol to ensure the cadaver will be used for its intended purpose and its remains will be returned to the family. This protocol goes as followsWho Can DonateAny competent person 18 years of age or over may donate their body for medical education and research.

The Ancient Mayans Essay -- History Historical Essays

The Ancient Mayans The Maya in Across the Centuries gives a good oerview of the Maya. However, the text fails to expand and several key issues such as the influence of the Olmecs, brotherly structure, the relevance of sacrifices, Spains influence on the history of the Maya, and how the Mayan civilization fell. By leaving out the aforementioned issues the Maya are given less recognition than they deserve. By glossing over the Maya the authors of Across the Centuries essentially teach children that the Maya ar not of crucial importance. Across the Centuries inadequate The Maya not only teaches students to not care about other cultures, it denies them the acquaintance of an ancient culture more than worthy of recognition.The Maya begins with a quote from John Lloyd Stephens, one of the first Europeans to come across the remnants of the Mayan civilization. The chapter hence explains where the Maya lived and the conditions of their environment. The agricultural methods are then elabora ted on, followed by a section devoted to priests and kings. Finally the Maya ends with Mayan achievements. The whole chapter consists of only six pages, a rather small amount of information for a culture of such importance.According to The Maya whether or not one thinks of the Olmecs as the mother culture of Mesoamerica, the fact is that many other civilizations, including the Maya, were ultimately dependent on the Olmec achievement(Coe 50). It is believed that the Olmec, a civilization that inhabited the Yucatan Peninsula before the Maya, is responsible for many of the Mayan achievements in mathematics, architecture, and astrology. Unfortunately, Across the Centuries only mentions the Olmecs in the Maya when referring to the... ...tory pertaining to dominant versus minority cultural history, a sad fact especially in this twenty-four hour period and age. Unequal proportioning is clearly scene in Across the Centuries The Maya, which is only six pages long. Hopefully one day our chi ldren will have textbooks with the latest objective information, until then teachers will continue to modify their lessons to prevent this unequal historical proportioning. Works CitedArmento, Beverly and Nash, Gary and Salter, Chistopher and Wixon, Karen.Across the Centuries. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991.Bently, Jerry and Ziegler, Herber. Traditions and Encounters A GlobalPerspective on the Past.Boston McGrawHill, 2000.Coe, Michael. The Maya. 6th edition. London Thames and Hudson, 1999.Culbert, T. Patrick. The Lost Civilization The Story of the Classic Maya.New York Harper and Row, 1974.

Division of Labor According to Gender in Virginia Woolfs A Room of One

Division of Labor According to Gender in Virginia Woolfs A get on of Ones OwnVirginia Woolf, in her treatise A Room of Ones Own, identified a gendered division of labor. For her, men work in the market place and make the money while the women, the upper class women at least, suffice to the social gratefulries and household management. While she lamented this tell apart of affairs, she did not present, as Gilman did, a model for existence that would allow men and women to operate on the same level. However, a direct comparison to Gilman is somewhat unfair as she was not focused on the military position of women in the economy so much as the status of women as writers. Like Gilman, Woolf saw this division between a mans work and a womans work as a socially constructed conceit. Unlike Gilman, Woolf advocated a provided break between the world of men and women.Woolf saw the status of women as a socially constructed situation. She certainly does blame the patriarchy for this, however, blame also go on the women. At the thought of all those women working year after year and finding it hard to get two thousand pounds together...we burst let on in scorn at the reprehensible poverty of our sex (Woolf 21). It is not that Woolf pitied the situation of British women, she scorned it. She declared that women were responsible for their own reprehensible state (21). She lamented If only Mrs. Seton and her mother and her mother before her had learnt the great art of making money and had left their money...to the use of their own sex...we might have looked forward...to a pleasant and honourable lifetime spent in the shelter of one of the liberally endowed professions (21). The fact that it was their fathers and their grandfathers bef... ...the broader situation of the implicit implications of the sexual divisions of labor. While certainly women in academic positions will mitigate the misogyny of Professor von X, it proposes little to change womens attitude towards making money for their own descendants. We are left to assume that a change in the intellectual elite will percolate down into the ranks of the working class. Whatever the problematic implications, Woolf called for a new era where women have the garments of freedom and the courage to write exactly what they think (Woolf 113). She closed her treatise on a comment pointed at the female writers of her age I maintain that she Shakespeares sister would sire if we worked for her, and that so to work, even in poverty and obscurity, is worth while (114).ReferencesWoolf, V. A Room of Ones Own. London Harcourt, 1929.1

Breast Cancer Essay -- essays research papers

BREAST CANCERI) Anatomy of the breastThe breast is a secretory organ designed to make milk.II) What is breast cancer?Breast cancer is an abnormal growth of cells.These abnormal growths are called tumors. Not all tumors are cancerous.Non-cancerous tumors benigncancerous tumors malignantIf not treated the cancer may spread to other parts of the body.Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and the s leading cause of cancer death next to lung cancer.The incidence of breast cancer is very low in women in their twenties, plateaus at 45 and the growth dramatically after fifty. Fifty percent of breast cancer is diagnosed in women over sixty-five.III) Risk factors earliest onset of menses/menstrual cycle prior to age 12MenopauseDiets high in saturated fatsFamily tarradiddleLate or no pregnanciesModerate alcohol intakeSmoking chronicle of prior breast cancerEstrogen replacement therapyTherapeutic radiation to chest wallGene mutationsModerate obesityFemale**Every char is a t some risk for breast cancer (does not necessarily mean that just because it does not run in your family that you willing not go bad breast cancer According to the National Breast Cancer Foundation 85% of women with breast cancer have a negative family historyIV) Symptoms/Early signsA lump in or near your breastA change in the size or shape of your breast&nbs... ...run in your family, you will not get it.NO every woman has some risk of breast cancer, 85% of women who get breast cancer has no known family historyOnly your mothers family history of breast cancer can affect your risk.NO a history in your mother or buzz offs family will influence equallyUsing antiperspirants causes breast cancer.NO there is no evidence that influences breast cancer riskBirth accountant pills cause breast cancer.NO most birth control pills contain a low dose of estrogens and progesterone(they however can provide egis against ovarian cancer)Breast cancer diagnosis is an automatic death sentenc eNO 96% of women diagnosed with breast cancer live at least 5 years, more than 70% will survive 10 years

An Analysis on the Similarities and Differences in Raymond Carvers“A S

In Raymond Carvers The Bath and rewritten version of the written report entitled A Small, Good Thing, the author tells the same tale in different ways, and to different ends, creating multi-colour experiences for the reader. Both stories have the same central plot and a majority of details remain the same, but the effects that the stories have upon the reader is significantly different. The sterling(prenominal) character difference is found in the role of the Baker, and his interaction with the other characters. The sparse details, language and sentence structure of The Bath provide a sharp limit emotionally and artistically to A Small Good Thing. In many ways, The Bath proves to have a more emotional impact because of all that it doesnt say its sparse, minimalist storytelling gives the flick of numbed shock and muted reactions. The descriptive storytelling of A Small Good Thing goes deeper into the development of the characters and although it tells more story, it ends on a n ote of hopefulness, instead of fear or desperation. Each story has its own magic that weave its a powerful. When compared to each other the true masterpiece of each story is best revealed. Both stories open with the same felicitous task a mother is choosing a birthday cake for her son, Scotty. In The Bath we are given details of appearance of the cake and a detailed rendering of the baker, but no real insight into the inner thoughts of the characters. In A Small Good Thing we are treated to the mothers thoughts on the baker and her reflection on what commonalities they whitethorn have. She finds herself disliking the baker, He made her feel uncomfortable, and she didnt like that...She gave up trying to make friends with him (Carver ) In each versi... ... words, and they had better be the rightfield ones, with the punctuation in the right plants. n each of these stories, Carver makes those words take reader to the same scene twice and end up in a new place each time. He is a master wordsmith and the uniqueness that is The Bath and A Small Good Thing is a masterpiece. Works CitedCarver, Raymond. A Small Good Thing, by Raymond Carver. University at Buffalo- locomote Central Campus Web Server. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. .Carver, Raymond. Carversite Raymond Carver Quotations (on Reading, Writing and Rewriting). Carversite Raymond Carver. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. .Carver, Raymond. The Bath. Writers Presence a Pool of Readings. Boston, MA Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 919-25. Print.

An Analysis on the Similarities and Differences in Raymond Carvers“A S

In Raymond Carvers The Bath and rewritten version of the story entitled A Small, Good Thing, the creator tells the same tale in different ways, and to different ends, creating variegated experiences for the reader. Both stories have the same central plot and a majority of details stick around the same, but the effects that the stories have upon the reader is significantly different. The greatest character difference is found in the role of the Baker, and his interaction with the other characters. The sparse details, talking to and sentence structure of The Bath provide a sharp contrast emotionally and artistically to A Small Good Thing. In many ways, The Bath proves to have a more(prenominal) emotional impact because of all that it doesnt say its sparse, minimalist storytelling gives the impression of numbed shock and muted reactions. The descriptive storytelling of A Small Good Thing goes deeper into the development of the characters and although it tells more story, it ends o n a note of hopefulness, instead of fear or desperation. Each story has its own magic that weave its a powerful. When comp bed to apiece other the true masterpiece of each(prenominal) story is best revealed. Both stories open with the same happy task a mother is choosing a birthday cake for her son, Scotty. In The Bath we are given details of appearance of the cake and a detailed description of the baker, but no real insight into the inner thoughts of the characters. In A Small Good Thing we are treated to the mothers thoughts on the baker and her reflection on what commonalities they may have. She finds herself disliking the baker, He made her feel uncomfortable, and she didnt like that...She gave up trying to make friends with him (Carver ) In each versi... ... words, and they had better be the right ones, with the punctuation in the right places. n each of these stories, Carver makes those words take reader to the same scene doubly and end up in a new place each time. H e is a master wordsmith and the uniqueness that is The Bath and A Small Good Thing is a masterpiece. plant CitedCarver, Raymond. A Small Good Thing, by Raymond Carver. University at Buffalo- Wings Central Campus Web Server. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. .Carver, Raymond. Carversite Raymond Carver Quotations (on Reading, Writing and Rewriting). Carversite Raymond Carver. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. .Carver, Raymond. The Bath. Writers Presence a Pool of Readings. Boston, MA Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 919-25. Print.

Promote Positive Outcomes with Children and Young People Essay

The social factors that canful affect the way in which a child or offspring person develop argon firstly peoples views within aloneiance especially for change people they are pre judges and discriminated against because of their hinderance because of this they are being marginalised from society and excluded from such things like social events. Young person that are in the care system can be affected as they are non having consistency within their life at any one time.Other social factors can be poor social skills such as harmful reading or writing especially if these skills are non identified as newborn person needing help juvenility person will not develop to their full potential. attitudes to others is a social skill that can affect green person achieving this can be a result of other family members with disability or for issue person who have come from bad back grounds i. e domestic violence or drug use.Economic factors that could affect the way in which young person and young people develop is poverty, many families who have good stable homes are suffering with the economy and it is hard for people to attract healthy lifes and afford good housing accommodation, healthy foods and good health. Other factors could be injustice. Cultural factors that affect young people and young person could be the attitude of their parents this is not always the case but in some families with strong religious beliefs it is hard for them to do things outside the family home.This can result in lack of social development. Disability can impact on the life of a child firstly because of discrimination. within society young person get discrimianted against because there disability this could be by not been included within groups of young person because of their disability. this happens often in society because young people or young person do not understand what disability is at a young age. The result of this discrimination happening could be that the child or young erson could get depressed and have low self esteem, from not been included.The lack of oppurtunites avaliable for disabled people could effect disabled or young peoples lifes this could be no disabled access which acts as a barrier for the disabled people when they are trying to lead normal lifes. When disabled people cant use public facilities as mentioned above it also gives them a barrier to choice and they cant choose to do things which are not avaliable for them. ositive attitududes to young young person are important with disabilities it shows that they are focusing primaraliary on the child as a human being and by them not being disabled. this impacts on the disabled person leading a normal life as possible and minimises the effect of their disability.Praising young people is a good way to build up their confidance and sefl-asteem no matter how big or small their achevements are. eople with learing difficulties can also prevent them being fully unconditional as they will alw ays need some kind of help and support whether that be with money or decision making. this could result in a lake of job oppurtunities in the future Eqaulity means that everyone is treated equally. By treating young person equally they can achieve the every child matters five outcomes which are stay safe, enjoy and achieve, be healthy, make a positive contribution and echieve economic well bieng. We are alos promoting the individuals rigths by treating individuals equal. we must respect the childs choices and fairness. and we must do to their choices in chase what they wish to do and responding to their needs.We can promote equation within the workplace by following policies and procedures, challenging discrimination that happens by following procedures, improving participation for example including young people in activities outside the home and school example youth/sports clubs. romoting digintiy and respect can promote equality and invloving the young people in their own planni ng and delivery of services for example person centred planning doing activities the child wishes to do. Diversity means that all young person must mix together no matter what their culture is. within our home young person are all diverse and all come from different backgrounds and religion we must respect individuals no matter what they belive. othere examples of being diverse are, culture nationality, ability, ethnic orogin, gender age, beliefs, sexual orienation and social class. Ee can support diversity by valuing these differences and acting on and promoting them within the workplace.Our young people do learn about different back grounds and cultures during education and have done themed lunches. Also my key child is christian as are his family he chooses not to go to church however since the privation of his mum he does go to the catherderal on special occasions i. e. Mums birthday, Christmas and he will light a candel for his mum.

Memories of my childhood days Essay

Memories of my Childhood DaysMy first recollection of my childhood is the day I see the stairs when I was three years old. I was so happy that time I cried and cried for nearly an hour in spite of my parents attempts at comforting me. Finally, I quietened down when I was given ice- cream and chocolates. Luckily, I was not hurt because the stairs is not to steep. My days were happy ones before I started discharge to school, as I had good neighbours to play with me.I was playing from morning till evening. We played games outdoors like Batu Seremban,Police entry and Lumba Lari. There were also other games to demand our time until my mother bring a rattan to call me back.. At the age of five years, I had to attend kindergarten and this turned out to be sooner an ordeal for me. To begin with, I felt very sad having to leave my mother and go off each morning to be amongst strangers. I cried and cherished my mother around, much to my teachers displeasure. As the days went by, however, I made friends easily in class and found company. I became happy again and actually looked forward to leaving the house each morning.I still remember those days when I was learning to ride a bicycle. I ferine and bruised myself several times but I never gave up. Finally, I was able to join my friends going around the neighbourhood on my bike.Another fond fund is the end-of-year concert held at the kindergarten. I was chosen to play the role of Princess in the play, Princess and Gunung Ledang, and I became a celebrity overnight receiving lots of compliments for my performance.I like a shot realise what a wonderful childhood I have had and at times wish I could relive those days.

A detailed explanation of the principles of marketing that are applied to the development of “Douwe Egberts” coffee

I intend to carry expose a successful marketing campaign for Douwe Egberts java I have chosen this increase because cocoa is a well-loved product by the majority of households worldwide. During this study I will show how the principles of marketing are applied to the development of Douwe Egberts c souree.Objectives.My main accusing is to increase sales of Douwe Egberts coffee. I intend to do this by creating a sophisticated image of the product through various promotions and advertising campaigns. In rate for these campaigns to be carried out to full effect, before carrying them out I intend to find out peoples doctrines of Douwe Egberts and Coffee in general. This will be further explained in my next paragraph on Planning.Planning.I think the price of Douwe Egberts should be slightly above the average price of coffee yet not too expensive, hopefully this will make the consumer assume that Douwe Egberts is of better quality than the average coffee and I think the tar uprise ma rket would be involuntary to pay a little bit extra, obviously I can prove how correct or incorrect this theory is when I carry out surveys later on in the assignment. I shall likewise need to consider Douwe Egberts own cost and overheads before pricing the coffee.I think Douwe Egberts should sell their coffee to a wide range of supermarkets, coffee shops restaurants and hotels. Douwe Egberts should definitely not sell to cheap places (e.g. shops such as Pricerite, Lidls, Aldis or greasy spoon style cafes) if they want to hap their upmarket image.I have various promotional ideas in mind for Douwe Egberts such as free samples given when completing an online questionnaire on Douwe Egberts web page, I could also soupcon food and drink magazines and ask them to give away free samples. I also think it would be a right-hand(a) idea to contact well known cafes/coffee shops and negotiate a special offer with them such as giving a free Douwe Egberts coffee away with an order, Cafes/coff ee shops are likely to comply with this offer as it would bring business in for them. It would also be good for Douwe Egberts because the cafes/coffee shops would hopefully continue to defile from Douwe Egberts after the promotion expires. Douwe Egberts could also put out magazine, television and radio advertisements, although I feel that Douwe Egberts would benefit best from advertising on the internet because it costs very little to put banners on other websites and it orbites a worldwide audience. I also feel that advertising in supermarkets in-house magazines would be a good idea because the consumer will assemble the product and be able to purchase it directly from the store so perhaps advertising Douwe Egberts with a money off voucher would be quite effective.Douwe Egberts do a wide range of coffees including roast and ground coffees, Le caf range, the select range, the organic range, Instants and Speciality instants.Douwe Egberts packaging will be of high quality, it shal l be packaged in a glass jar with a glass lid so it looks of a higher quality than well-nigh coffees that have plastic lids, the wrapping on this glass jar shall be made of glossy coffee coloured paper with gold lettering this shall transfigure with different types of coffee.I have a few ideas about finding out peoples opinions of Douwe Egberts and coffee in general, firstly I think questionnaires would be a good idea rather than do these through the post or face-to-face I think it would be much better to do these questionnaires via e-mail or relevant websites. This would take a lot less time and would be a lot more cost effective it would also reach a wide range of people. I think the target audience will be towards people aged between 25 and 50, in my opinion people seem to drink more coffee while in range and people in employment such as office work and teaching are more likely to be coffee drinkers, I shall be sure to confirm my opinions by including questions such as these within the questionnaire. perk up Data.I am going to collect data mainly via the Internet I can get many figures from the national statistics site. I shall also be collecting a lot of my data from results from questionnaires put out on relevant sites and questionnaires sent via email. I mentioned in an earlier chapter that I intend to get cafes to give away free samples of Douwe Egberts coffee, I could also ask them to give out a diminutive card with this free sample asking what the consumer theme of the coffee and this could be sent back to the company.Analyse and evaluate data.When all data is collected I think it would be best to put it into a simple graph so the results can be clearly seen, I could also use pie charts or scatter graphs for this. From these graphs I should be able to see whether there is actually room in the market for Douwe Egberts coffee, what my target audience is and what price I should give Douwe Egberts coffee.Communicate findings.To communicate my findin gs I shall firstly pull through up a report on all information that I have found. I shall then go about planning a small presentation. To convey the information clearly I could use a number of aids to help me such as OHP, diagrams on the board and handouts. I should also prepare a section at the end of my presentation for my audience to ask questions, I should therefore prepare possible questions and answers I could give to them.

Case Review: Linear Technology Essay

additive Technology was establish out of Silicon Valley and founded in 1981. The come with specialized in design, settle and food market placeing of elongate integrated circuits. analog enjoyed a diversified customer base, with 33% of its business coming from the communications sector, 27% from computers, 6% from automotive, and 34% from sundry(a) separate applications. With their focus on the analog segment of the IC sector, which was characterized by custom designed products, it was imperative that analogue hires and retains talented people who were accustomed to out-of-the-box persuasion and who could quickly develop innovative techniques and products that would keep them competitive.Going IPO in 1986, Linear operated with a modest CAPEX. Additionally they enjoyed low obsolescence of equipment and techniques. This combined with their low R&D expenses led to margins that exceeded that of competing digital IC products. This is supported by Linears 7th seat positioning on t he Philadelphia Stock Exchange semiconducting material Index (SOX).Linears net income was at its lastest in 2001, when global technology spending was at its highest, and its lowest sales the following year. They still maintain positive interchange flows and strong margins this was accomplished through various mechanisms such as cost cutting aided by their variable cost structure. As of 2003 Q3, Linear was emerging out of the recession with strong financials. However, top crinkle sales and net income remained lower than their high point in 2001. Due to g all overnmental unrest throughout the World, the future of the tech industry remained unclear. Year over year developing in 2003 when comp ared to 2002 was ripe, but the company didnt see a clear path to reaching 2001 levels. At the same time, they didnt want to sacrifice margins in new markets like Asia.By 1992 Linears caution was comfortable in their ability to sustain future coin flows, having been hard funds flow posi tive since IPO, and began issuing dividends of $.00625 per destiny (payout ratio 15%). In 2002 LLTC act issuing dividends, despite the high payout ratio (27.24%), as they didnt want to lose favor with investors. It is likely that Linear pecked dividends as a way to retard in the portfolio of mutual funds and EU investors who strongly favored dividend-paying trites.Simultaneously, Linear also began to buy back shares when interest rates were low or/and when market valuation of Linear stock was low. They were skeptical about paying out all or much of their cash in dividends as this could planetary house overlook of growth potential. It is nonable that many institutional investors held Linear stock, largest among which was Janus Capital. Linear wanted to be sure to dismount positive signals to their investors. With a large cash relief ($1.5 billion) and no debt, Linear was at a crossroads they needed to know what to do with their cash. Their options were 1) Invest in new pr ojects, 2) Payout via dividends and/or repurchases, and 3) Save it for future investments in innovation and diversification. In this p per, we allow analyze three different approaches in decidingLinears payout for Q3.Approach 1 Cent Dividend profitThe analysis below assumes the decision to repurchase 165.7 million in stock allow for not be adjusted. The decision to be made is to either excite our dividend by one cent per share, or leave the third quarter dividend of .05 per share intact.Payout DecisionHistorically Linear has not increase dividends in Q3, so a conservative approach for the board would be to approve the continuation of the dividend policy from Q2. Continuing the status quo of .05 per share, the payout ratio would adjust to 27.48 percent of Net Income. change magnitude dividend by one cent per share would increase the YTD payout ratio to approximately 29.31 percent for the three billet (Exhibit 1), a modest increase.At $0.06 dividend per share, the total Q3 divi dend payout bequeath be $18.7 million, which will still be considered small by our institutional investors, given our large cash position. The adoption of the 1-cent increase will provide a full offering of 215.70 million dollars back to our investors in the form of dividends and stock repurchases as shown below salaried the additional 1-cent would still be consistent with our long dividend strategy, but the total package will not be aligned with the requests of some of our largest investors.Available Cash to DistributeAt this point it is important to raze that the firm will be paying out more to the shareholders via share buybacks and dividends, than the firm has open to the equity holders through its operations. This overpayment holds true if the firm holds the dividend at .05, or increases it to .06. The firm has generated a total of 207.5 million FCFE dollars, but would be choosing to payout a total of 215.7 million given the decision to increase the dividend by one cent. St aying move to the .05 dividend reduces this figure by only three million.Cash Needs and deputation issuesSurplus cash to address any unforeseen needs will readily be available by adopting the conservative one-cent increase plan. Increasing the dividend to .06 includes holding on to almost 100 percent of a very large cash position, and therefore provides little pressure to identify such future cash needs. sign of the zodiacLinears sales are trending upward since the 2002 dec depict, but the ready future is still not clear. The adoption of this conservative plan would continue their strategy of consistently signaling a means of safety and consistency of cash flows to their investors, yet provide options for our turbulent times. Other uses for this cash such as improved employee incentives, training, and workplace improvements should also be considered.Other ConsiderationsThe drawback for adopting the conservative plan without addressing the concerns of Janus and other like-minded investors could signal that they are not quite ready to suggest that their recent troubles are behind them. If we do choose this plan, a carefully crafted message to address investor concerns should be communicated to investors as quickly as possible. Additionally, other approaches such as one-time share buybacks and special dividends should be considered to address the concerns of Janus and other firms that share their view on Linears current cash position. We address these in Approach 2, 3 outlined in the sections that follow.Approach 2 Payout all of Linear Technologys Cash 1In this section, we consider an alternate payout strategy in which Linear returns all of its 1.5 billion to its shareholders, by either (a) Paying a special dividend of $5.01 per share, or (b) Repurchasing about 50 million shares.(a) Special Dividend of $5.01 per shareOne goal of the special dividend will be to show investors that Linear is in a entire position and to buy shares from Linear Technology is not comparable with the jeopardize normally associated with the purchase of shares from technology companies. Additionally it signals to the market that Linear is serious about sharing its wealth with its shareholders. With these higher overall payouts, Linear Technology disregard reach investors that have specific income goals.Share worthIn case of a dividend announcement, demand for shares will rise. If investors know that a certain dividend amount of money will be paid, the share damage increases by that amount (Law of One price). In this case, the current share price is $30.87 and dividend announced will be $5.01 hence the share price cum dividend can be evaluate to increase to $35.88.1 Exhibit 4 shows calculations for numbers presented in this sectionFirm appriseDepending on the time until the dividend is paid, not the whole amount of dividend is added to the share price. If there is still a certain period of time until the dividend is paid, only the net present value of th e dividend will be added to the share price. It also can be said that the closer the payment of the dividend pass waters, the more the amount of the total dividend payment is added to the normal share price. That also means that consequently the market value of equity also will rise.At the day ex-dividend day the share price will drop below the level of the pre-announcement day be exertion the dividend as driver of the rising demand had been paid. The additional value of $5.01 that was is not part of the share value any more. The dividend, as part of the equity, is paid to the shareholder. in that respectfore, the dividend policy as a whole will not be a decisive factor in the firms value.Payout ratioHowever, in this scenario the payout ratio becomes a ridiculously high 945% (Exhibit-4), which is very high compared to peers. (Exhibit 2)SignalingBy deploying capital through an increased dividend versus a share repurchase, management is signaling that Linears stock is fairly value d in the market. However, If Linear increases its dividend too much say by giving out all the cash as dividends, management could signal to the market that it believes the companys growth is slowing and there are no new positive NPV projects for the company to invest in.However, this may back up send a positive signal that the company is confident about generating positive cash flows for its operational and investment needs. Since profits of Linear Technology this quarter was faraway lower than that last year, a huge special dividend may help the investors regain faith in the company.Agency problemsIncreasing dividend is also a good way to reduce agency costs. With large amount of cash balance in hand, managers control over the capital becomes larger. Paying dividend to the investors is an efficient way to get additional monitoring of the capital, and thus make it less attractive to managers to invest the money in projects that will reduce the benefits of the shareholders.Tax Clie nteleWith this very high dividend, the company may attract more European and/or mutual fund investors, but it may generally upset Institutional investors who do not have tax exemptions. Also, the announcement of a dividend may prompt older and poorer investors to buy more of Linears stock. (b) Share repurchaseShare price and Shares outstandingLinear can repurchase 50.7 (16.23% of common shares) million common shares by spending all of its cash. When they do that, the number of outstanding shares will be 261.7 million. Historically, the stock price of companies has risen following a sharerepurchase announcement as it can boost EPS. In this case EPS increases to $0.65. (Exhibit-4)SignalingBy deploying all of its capital towards share repurchases, management can signal the market that its stock very undervalued. Linear has had a positive cash flow over the years and they have an opportunity with a net cash of $1.5 billion to bridge the supposed valuation disconnect by accelerating shar e repurchases.In summary, if the company goes out with a big stock buyback or special dividend, it will send a signal to investors that the company, is no longer a growth company, and stock value may decreaseApproach 3 Payout 50% of Linear Technologys Cash2Considering that management does not have a good line of sight into the future at this point, paying out all of Linears cash may be a risky move. Hence, in this section we look at a less aggressive approach that lies between preserving their cash balance (Approach 1) and paying out all of their cash (Approach 2). In evaluating this approach, we have assumed that Linear will need to keep up its quarterly dividend at $0.05, and the remainder of the cash after accounting for this quarterly dividend is available for either a special dividend or a share repurchase.The following section analysis the effect of paying out 50% of the remaining cash reserves either in the form of a special dividend of $2.51 or by repurchasing 25.35 million shares.EPS and Share PriceIf we were to repurchase shares using 50% of the cash, the EPS will increase from 0.55 to 0.59 close to the 2002 numbers of 0.62. Using a price/earnings ratio of 56.53 in 2003 (Exhibit-3), we can estimate the share price to increase to 33.65 with this increased EPS, cum dividend.If we were to pay out a special dividend of $2.51 per share instead, the share price cum dividend could be estimated to be a closely comparable $33.38 (Exhibit-5). EPS will be 0.55, very close to Q2 levels (0.54).Payout RatioThe dividend payout ratio in the case of the special dividend will be close to 486.3% (Exhibit-4) which is once again much higher than all of Linears peers (Exhibit-2). In contrast, with a share repurchase, the payout ratio remains at level consistent with previous quarters at 27.5%.2 Exhibit 4 shows the calculations for numbers presented in this sectionFirm value and Shareholder wealthRepurchases will help alleviate some of the dilution of the EPS arising out of options awarded to employees and managers, considering that Linears incentives for all employees include stock options. On the other hand, dividends will help distribute the wealth more evenly among all investors, while repurchases cause an uneven distribution as the shareholders who do not sell will see a drop in book value of the shares, from$5.01 to $3.23 (rough approximation based solely on cash assets Exhibit 5. Tax ClienteleWith the new rules that stipulate equal taxation rate of 15% for Capital gains and OIC, there are no quantifiable advantages one way or the other with respect to the decision to payout either in the form of a special dividend or repurchases. There may however, be some psychological impacts to be considered depending on preferences of the shareholders. For example, if the vast majority of shareholders belong to the older demographic, they may prefer it if the stock paid dividends.SignalingLinears investors are employ to getting a dividend, and seeing pe riodic repurchases. Additional payouts of cash help increase ROE and reduce shareholders risk premium. At current low interest rates on cash (as of 2003), paying out at least some of the cash balance appears to be in the best interests of the shareholders. Though high payouts may signal that the company is lacking growth potential, it helps send a positive message that the company is bemoan on sharing its wealth. This message of being a cash-cow is better compared to the image of a company that is hoarding its wealth.PeersA quick look at apothegms financials indicates that they have started sharing their cash with their shareholders in 2002 their cash returned was over 200% of their FCFE (Exhibit-2), and their cash reserves reduced by 455 million. They appear to have used that cash in repurchases in an effort to concentrate their wealth among a smaller number of shareholders, at the sametime they managed to increase their top line numbers significantly, even compared to 2000. By sharing half their cash with their shareholders, Linear will be able to put itself on par with this close competitor.Agency issues and other considerationsOne time special dividends dont need to be kept up, so are essentially similar to repurchases in that respect. However, repurchases help boost EPS and prevent dilution, both of which have longer-lasting effects. In this respect a repurchase may be better than a dividend. As far as agency issues go, retaining 50% of the cash position may not provide as much incentive to work harder on identifying positive NPV projects, as use 100% of the cash, but will work much better than retaining almost all of the cash as in Approach 1.Our Recommendation for LinearOur recommendation to Linear is to maintain status quo with respect to dividends pay the quarterly dividend of $0.05 per share, and to buy back 25.35 million shares using half the cash balance. Dividends consistent with previous quarters of 2003, are recommended to avoid any advers e market reactions, while the company works on figuring out their strategy to increase top line sales and earnings to the 2000-2001 levels or better. Cancelling the dividend altogether or paying less than last quarter is not an option, as this would be perceived very negatively by the market. Historically, Linear has never increased dividends in the Q3 compared to Q2 hence it is safe to maintain a dividend of 5 cents per share as in Q3. Additionally, as shown in Exhibit-2, Linear already pays more dividends compared to peers, including their close competitor Maxim.Paying out all of the cash may deprive the company of the required levels of liquidity. Given that the analog semiconductor industry requires constant innovation and considering opportunities for new ventures such as entering the Asian market, it is safe to assume that the company should keep somecash reserves to account for unknowns.Linear is well aware that they need to expand their business and find ways to increase top line numbers, so retention some cash, and supplementing it with capital from debt or/and equity markets is worth looking into. This forms the basis of our reasoning for recommending the use of only 50% of the cash balance to repurchase shares.Additionally, by repurchasing shares, Linear will be able to still sufficiently signal to the market that the stock is undervalued. At the same time, by maintaining some of the cash balance, they to boot signal the existence of profitable positive NPV projects for Linear to pursue. Considering the industry characteristics, and the stagnation reached in top line revenues, Linear will need to look at innovation and new markets, both of which could bring dramatic increases in growth. In light of this, we are convinced that the EPS boosting effect of a share repurchase is more valuable to Linear at this point, than the effects of an equitable distribution of shareholder wealth via special dividends.

Augustine’s Confession Today Essay

In my opinion I feel as if Augustines Confessions is still very much relevant and timeless in todays world in the aspect of religion and spirituality, morality, and love. In Confessions Augustine undergoes a transition from his original view on religion to a different view. He begins to be cautious of sin in his life and in the lives of those around him. or so of all, Confessions helps in understanding the Journey of man in his search for a more spiritual connection, the struggles they may be faced with, and he right rail to be chosen, which is a struggle that many can relate to today.When looking at this in Confessions you see in Book VIII, Augustine tells us of his transition to Christianity. He describes how he was able to overcome his struggle with his internal battles and become a follower of Christ. Augustine describes his struggle as having two departs, one carnal, one spiritual, were in competitiveness with one and other. Augustines is having an internal battle between h is pleasure seeking side and his spiritual side. The quote This was the controversy raging in my heart, a controversy about myself, against myself is where Augustine recognizes this internal conflict between his good and bad side.This is when he embraces Christianity. This statement is relevant today in many ways. The statement does non Just apply to religion. In life in general, there will always be internal battles that you will have to face. Whatever it may be, you will have to decide what the right path to take it is and this will be what defines you as a person. During Augustines Journey you notice in ook VI of Confessions that Augustine is fight with his feelings on sex, women, and love.He begins his spiritual Journey and has to change his perspective from being a young man that has an overwhelming desire for sex and women to a life-style that is in compliance with the church. This means that he can only have sexual relations within the confines of marriage. Augustine commen ts on his struggle with this as he describes himself as a slave for lust. After he sends his mistress away he says And so, since I was not a lover of wedlock so much as a slave of lust, I procured nother mistressnot a wife, of course.Thus in bondage to a lasting habit, the indisposition of my somebody might be nursed up and kept in its vigor or even increased until it reached the realm of matrimony. Nor indeed was the wound healed that had been caused by cutting away my former mistress only it ceased to burn and throb, and began to fester, and was more dangerous because it was less painful. Augustine uses words such as wound, bondage, and disease of my soul suggesting that Augustine sees this as a bad habit that needs to be fixed. In book VI you can see that is thoughts on women and love atomic number 18 pushing towards the churchs thoughts on it.Yet, his body is still struggling with this his lustful desires. After reading Confessions you can see what the Augustine goes through in align to achieve his goals of spirituality. As well as through his first-person narratives you gain an understanding as to what may lead to conversion and the path towards spirituality. Through reason and the qualification to overcome the struggles with internal battles, such as morality and lust, the Journey can be completed. Augustines Confession Today By savannahr87

Girl with a Pearl Earing Essay

Those who dont have antecedent seek to gain power through others Griet gains power through Vermer in the household and through his death when she receives earrings over Catherinaand through Pieter when she marries him Frans gains power over his avouch life when he runs awayCatherina in having children gets power cutting edge Ruven maintains power over family and Griet painting only Catherina loses power over Griet as Vermer constantly chooses to support Griet. Vermer loses power over Griet and his household because of money and Griet Tanneke loses power when Griet comes and takes her placeVan Ruven loses power over GrietGriet gains power for her life tho she does not have the power to make the decisions she truly wants to.Agnes loses her sister to the familyChevalier is trying to say in that respect is no such thing as completely powerful or powerless in the novel, sometimes power requires action and some conforming to confederations actions and expectations, with intelligence comes power, manipulation can bring power, status gives inherent power. Themed base strength is gained through statusPower is gained through manipulationPower is gained through intelligenceCharacter basedGrietCatherinaTanneke2. Conflict between responsibilities and desiresVermer To be responsible for being a loving husband and provide for the family but he just wants to be with Griet and paint. Needs to keep Van Ruven happy but doesnt wasnt to lose Griet. Griet Supposed to be a maid but wants to be free to be with Vermer and to help him paint, marry Pieter and provide for her family but wants to be free of male dominance and make her own decisions. (Wants to be her own person paying the price of being maid-earrings). Hair supposed to be a just girl but doesnt want to be. Frans The mini theme of Griet used as a foreshadowing technique (same conflicts) Catherina Wants to be rich, surrounded by people and loved but is supposed to be a good wife and mother.3. A maid came freeFin d three parts that state Discus it (why Chevalier included it and what she wants the audience/reader to take from it)

Integrated Life Science Study Guide

co-ordinated Life Science Study Guide Test 1/Chapters 1,3,4,19 1. The scientific method- A continuous mathematical process use to collect observationsk form amd test hypotheses, make predictions, and identify patterns in the physical world. pg 4 2. Biodiversity- the second of different species that coexist at a given place pg. 8 3. Dimitri Mendelev- Russian Chemist created the flow Table of the Elements 1st 1800s to arrange elements in such a way that the showed something about it properties. Elements made of atoms-Iron, Helium, henry pg. 10 4.Creationism or creation recognition is the view of the Judeo-Christians (Bible) Genesis 2000+ yrs. The Earth is between 5-7000 yrs old. Its the belief that it was created in 7 days. Science of Creation (most scientists believe) believes the universe is approx. 15 Billion yrs old. Earth-is about 4. 5 billio9n yrs old. No beginning and no end to this universe. 5. Stem cells- embryonic cells that can become any cell in a living organism. So urce ambilical cord Adult stem cell-restricting-almost useless to work with medical science impeded by someones belief system 6. Work- force exerted over a distancePower- work divided by time how fast you do work.. Power =work/time Energy= the ability to do work we get dexterity from food converts to calorie- glucose cell-work plants also use glucose to live 2 types of energy- Kinetic-energy of motion Potential- stored ( exposit) Force-a fight or pull from kinectic energy gravity energy- glucose 7. Trophic levels a. Omnivores-eat both plants and animals b. Carnivores-eat meat.. ex. Lions, tigers, c. Herbivores-eat plants, ex. Cows, horses d. Plants- glucose e. Decomposers-bacteria worms, fungi, provide food to make territory rich 8.First Law of Thermodynamics- 1st natural law about energy f. All energy in the universe stays the same it only changes form i. Glucose sugar- energy cells- carbon dioxide ammonia 9. Calories-unit of energy stripement in food 1C=1000c Calorie-heat our body produces energy inside the cell Calorimeter-measures calories in food 10. second Law of Thermodynamics- g. Heat always flows cold ii. No such thing as cold- cold is the absence seizure of heat h. No such thing as Heat Engine i. Overtime entropy increases iii. Entropy-a measure of perturbation a way we can measure how miixed up something is. 1. Types of animal insulation- fur, feathers, fat, blubber, skin, shells, scales, and blood 12. Entropy-a measure of disorder a way we can measure how miixed up something is. 13. The science of Aging and DNA j. Lifestyle k. deoxyribonucleic acid l. Genetics m. Biological clock is about 110 yrs old Chemicals that age you be alcohol, tobacco, recreational drugs 14. Ecosystem- a system that includes both living and non-living things in a particular area (people) n. Non-living- chemicals food o. Living-cells 15. Homeostasis- health, dna, good health, poise 16.Acid rain- nitrogen, sulfur, ad carbon coal + oil fired electricity generating pla nts polluntants mix with rain forms sulfuric acid nitric acid and carbonic acid- kills plants & trees destroys auto paint, etc. 17. Photovoltaic cells- a device that converts cheerfulness (photons) into direct electric current Short Answer 1. Global Warming a. CONS-temperature increasing flooding ocean level rising quit burning fossil fuels b. PROS- 2. temp increasing during growing season which is whats necessary 3. Ozone layer is 20 miles or more up. It protects us from UVA and UVB rays.Its getting thinner because of pollutants smogginess is a layer created from automobiles and factories- near the earth-harmful 4. Landfills are considered biological recyclers because 5. The 6 characteristics shared by all ecosystems are pg. 391 c. all(prenominal) ecosystem consists of both living and nonliving parts d. Energy flows through ecosystems e. Matter is recycled by Ecosystems f. Every organism occupies an Ecological Niche g. Stable Ecosystems achieve a balance among their populations h. Ecosystems are not permanent, further change over time 6.Four dimensions as described in the Second Law of Themodynamics pg. 88 i. East or west j. North or south k. Up or down l. epoch 7. Creationists believe that evolution does violate this law because life is highly ordered, it could not have arisen spontaneously without violating the second law. Scientists disagree and believe that all you need to make the evolution of life consistent with the 2nd law is that the order observed in living things must be offset by a great amount of disorder in the sun. pg. 88 8. 3 ways that heat is transferred is through conduction, convection, and radiation. Example of pg. 6 Conduction- Convection-air rising above a radiator or toaster motion of the Earths Radiation-a fire or electric heater 9. Celery makes you lose more calories than you gain because it goes back to the principal that if we take in less energy than we expend, energy must be removed from storage to meet the defecit and the a mt of body fat decreases. 10. Our food in the USA is cheaper and much richer than most new(prenominal) countries. We tend to eat in big portions than we should. Biologically, we clone our foods and inject them with hormones and chemicals to keep the supply steady and to keep costs low. 1. 5 Questions to ask when confronted with other kinds of psuedosciences are pg. 12 m. Are the facts true as stated? n. Is there an alternative explanation? o. Is the telephone call falsifiable? p. Have the claims been rigorously tested? q. Do the claims require unreasonable changes in accepted ideas? 12. catch review is a system by which the editor of a scientific journal submits manuscripts considered for publication to a panel of knowledgeable scientis wh, in conidence, evaluate the manuscript for mistakes, misstatements, or shoddy procedures.Following the review, if the manuscript is to be published, it is returned to the author with a list of modiciations and corrections to be completed. pg. a 34 13. Arrow of Time is The uniform and unique bearing associated with the apparent inevitable flow of time into the future. Pg 88 14. The 3 major polluntants that make up urban pollution are nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, and hydrocarbons. Pg. 399

Competitive sport Essay

1. Write a summary of text 1 private-enterprise(a) fun for children at the heart of majestics legacy in about 150 words. The text examines the archetype and opinion of the current English prime minister regarding the necessity for Parliament to incorporate imperative initiatives orchestrateed at ensuring that matched team sports is directly added to the current English primary school course. As argued, David Cameron emphasizes that the government should boot the development of a competitive sports culture as to adhere to the competitive ethos advanced by the new-fangled London Olympics. The prime minister pointed out that the current degree right after the Olympic Games could aim a point of inspiration for young children to play sports more regularly in their free time. harmonizely, a new national PE curriculum draft had been published in the autumn of 2012 that aimed at introducing an academic system of rules which would enable sustained pupil forcible activity, compet ence and physique development and the provision of opportunities for pupil sports engagement. The text to a fault denotes an estimate budget cost of approximately one billion pounds Sterling for a period of five years to be distributed accordingly for the competitive sports initiative. The text concludes in the prime minister emphasising that the Olympic Game can be used as a clear example for competitive sports, as to revitalise and revive the competitive ethos of English schools.2. Give an outline of the various attitudes to competitive sport in the three texts. The three texts all share a common theme of competitive sports and the revitalisation of natural education and activities as to encourage healthy conditions from the youth of the United Kingdom. Text one pointed out that on that point is clear positive re-enforcement deriving from both the prime minister and the government to pass legislation aiming to right the current PE curriculum. Having said that, text 2 attempts t o identify that although such(prenominal) reasoning can be deemed optimistically, it is as well necessary to establish that sports is not simply a game involving a loser and a master and that competitive sports and the Olympic games aim to promote the ideologies of be the best you can be and that the aim of such somatogenetic activities is to send the message of working hard and moving forward. Text two accentuates the necessity to diffident away from the competitive attitude from government perspective and to emphasize more on achieving a chopine ofincreased coordination skills for people who struggle with such skills and to promote the legacy of women to perform punter in sports altogether. In contrast, however, text three identifies scepticism colligate to the initiative of incorporating mandatory competitive sports in the new PE curriculum draft. The text argues that competitive sports are in their very nature, elitist and that such activities would aim to identify the supe riors from the losers. It is also argued that slightly people would find it more beneficial to refrain from potential harm or physiological strain, as well as, embarrassment derived from losing. The author of text three also perceives that the majority of coaches will aim to better the prospects of potential succeeding(a) athletes and this may in that locationfore result in the negligence of less promising pupils, hence creating an immediate division of pupils into groups. This, in itself, would undermine the entire prospect and notion of creating a cultural ethos related to increasing physical activity and to better the overall health conditions of pupils all around the UK. Hence, the attitudes from all texts hand over all identified the pros and cons of such initiatives, in which one must consider as to whether such activities should be left to be volunteer or to be made compulsory.3. Comment on the following educational activity from text 3 If the alleged health benefits of sports are to be realised, then it needs to be voluntary and ravishable. It is of common knowledge to assume that sports can have outstanding results on an individuals physical form and well being. Doctors and physical practitioners all attempt to entice their patients of the several positive benefits from increased physical activity. Having said that, it is also true, in my opinion, that sports should not solely be aimed at being the winner of a game, but rather an opportunity to enjoy the riveting activities that also aims in establishing and developing key future skills such as discipline, teamwork and aiding those who are less physically or mentally inept to accomplish a common goal. The statement acknowledges my opinion in which sports should not be of a compulsory nature as to be impeding on the factor of enjoying and fun, which in my personal perspective is the more primary aim of sports. In conclusion, the statement simply emphasises the necessity to concentrate not sim ply on making competitive sports compulsory in primary school, but to leave in the hands of the youth to voluntarily enjoy and join in such activities.4 Because of new rules, the local school has to introduce competitive sport from the age of seven. Write an article (150-200 words) for the school magazine in which you discuss the positive and negative consequences of this decision. According to recent news, our local school will be promptly introducing a new rule, making it compulsory to play competitive sports from the age of seven. Although many scientists and physical experts share the common opinion that such a move would incur an immediate reduction in the onset obesity of the United Kingdom, as well as, the possibility of the development a cultural ethos in which individuals are more conscious involving their health and physical ability, I aim to identify otherwise. Even though I may agree with what most of us have been taught in PE and biology class involving the aims of phys ical activity in ensuring a better carriage style altogether, I feel a bit sceptic. In sports, the outcome always acknowledges a winner and a loser, and personally I prefer not to be titled a loser competitive sports are not for everyone, so to speak. Making such activities compulsory would not still garnish a new wave of winning attitudes but also, as a bi-product, develop a group of losers whose only aim is to find a way to survive or get through a physically demanding competitive sports. There is also the onset likelihood of risk to your physical well being. In conclusion, there are both pros and cons for such a rule to be imposed and that, in my opinion, it should be something which the students and parents also have a say in.

Bahram Ahmadi

A broadcastme of achievement for the implementation of a dodge is a large set of coherent guidelines that include several activities in the program so as to get through certain objectives. It involves several mathematical operationes including organising, coordination, developing, designing, training, building, developing, growing, closing, etc. In any program strategy for a cypher, the objectives of the plaque hightail it a re tout ensembley important role.The hear program strategy gives magnificence to the theatre director that would be prudent for carrying out the operations of the get word, the timing and the nature of the activities, and the dealing with specific tastes of the customers. Project program strategy is passing specific to a go out. However, there may be more than one strategy to be employ to collide with the objectives of the roam. During the planning stages, the fencers would sit polish up to develop a strategy.These strategies atomic number 18 developed so as to be appropriate with the characteristics of the shaping, human resources, geographical location, social features, politics, etc (Walter, 1999). For for each one go out in an agreement, the program of subject (workflow as such) is managed independently. The exteriorise manager would be looking at several limitations in the resources, including time, money and the scope.A project may fail due to several reasons (including deficiency of resources, lack of goals, conflict issues, problems with the customers, etc), and the manager would hold to stop these problems right during the initiation of the project and hold that a problem-solving process is enabled. Each project manager would be determining the ongoing processes in the project through observe and evaluation of the performances.The project manager would have to adopt diametric strategies so that the cheek could achieve certain objectives and hence reach a coveted goal (Brentani, 2003, Walter, 1999, University of Texas, 2007 & Rad, 2006). The process of developing a strategy for the project is real simple. The managers would have to sit down and decide the sundry(a) objectives that need to be achieved by the project. The means of achieving such objectives need to be discussed. The manager should involve other p maneuveries including the administration, the portfolio manager and the stakeholders.It may be very difficult to come to a consensus if in any case many people argon involved in the process. This is because several people may have different values, outlines and approaches. The process of setting up the objectives, determining the goals and the right smarts of achieving them is very tedious and could take a unyielding time. The manager should associate the strategy needed to achieve the objectives. During the final stages, the manager would have to also ensure that the strategy/ies adopted help to meet the objectives (Walter, 1999)On the other hand, portfolio of the project circumspection is an approach in which various projects in an organisation are treated as smaller portions of a much larger approximate (with respect to investment and resource allocations). The project portfolio vigilance would be functional right from the initiation of the project to the very point. Certain instruments are employ in the portfolio project heed to help the managers (including planning, allocation of resources, evaluation, monitoring, analysing, standardization, etc).This apprize be considered as a centralised instrument mandatory to effectively handle several projects in an organisation and to study the performance of several projects that may run in an organisation. It can be utilised to compare and contrast various projects. One very important feature of project portfolio care is to rule the costs, expenditure, benefits, investments and other features of the project. In recent years portfolio concern has turned out to be a very important aspect o f planning, especially in IT firms.IT companies would be managing several projects and programs running in various split of the world through an effective portfolio oversight administration. Studies conducted in the past have demonstrated a pocket-size less(prenominal) than half of the IT companies are unable to meet their targets due to inefficient portfolio management (Oracle, 2007, Stanford University, 2007 & UMT Consulting Services, 2007). The portfolio manager mixture of projects should be such that the resources of the organisation are utilised effectively.They should be selected in such a way that the risks are significantly reduced. The portfolio manager is in a good position to priortize the projects and accordingly allocates the resources. He should be able to select the project based on their ability to fulfil certain criteria (Crow, 2004 & Oracle, 2007). A portfolio management system would be much broader and would include several other processes such as defining th e opportunities, rescue those projects into the focus that would be able to achieve some objectives, monitoring of the projects, etc.Portfolio management should be considered to be an art rather than a science. Frequently, portfolio managers would have to work with the fund managers of the organisation, so that there is effective use of the money. Portfolio management is frequently utilised in several developed, and slowly developing nations are moving towards effective portfolio management (Crow, 2004, Brentani, 2003 & Rad, 2006). A portfolio management system is often utilised by an organisation to bring rough triumph in the project (as many projects could be effectively be handled simultaneously).A portfolio may be funds or resources and can be utilised by the organisation to increase returns over a very all of a sudden period of time. An organisation would observe that the resources available at any point of time would be less than the amount of resources required by a parti cular project. Hence, one of the main objectives of the portfolio managers would be to effectively manage the resources of several ongoing projects. The management of the organisation needs to sit and figure out what the commitment of the organisation would truly be.As management of an organisation is a dynamic process, this exercise has to be done from time to time. Besides, actually managing several resources including human resources, logistics, IT, support systems, etc, time also needs to be handled. The management should be very much interested in ensuring that the portfolio management processes are enabled properly. The organisation should ensure that the interests of each and every protject are enabled. If a project is non performing properly, the ideal plan would be to discontinue it, if the organisation does not have the resources to handle it.A proper flow of information of the project should exist so that the process of monitoring is effective. It is very important that the projects be managed in a formal and official manner. The data that would be current would be much more accurate and effective in ensuring the objectives of the organisation are met. There should be a clear flow of data between the programs, projects and the portfolios (Brentani, 2003, Walter, 1999, & Rad, 2006). In the portfolio management, all the projects that are ongoing in the organisation are chosen and a standardised fashion of evaluating them is utilised.Portfolio management is very much required for the production, development and the utilisation of ideas and intellectual property in various projects in an organisation. The portfolio manager would be performing various tasks such as reallocating and promoting the staff members (as per their characteristics) in various projects. Thus it can be seen that if an organisation has a very good portfolio manager, he would be using the human resources very efficiently (UMT Consulting Group, 2007). The integral framework of port folio management involves three steps, namely creating, selecting and managing.The goals and the strategies to be adopted in the portfolio management are do keeping in mind the characteristics of the organisation. Accordingly, new opportunities that are present should be identified and resources allocated. The objectives have to be prioritised and the tasks and activities that are to be done are selected. Finally, it is also important that the project be managed in the nigh efficient and organised manner (UMT Consulting Group, 2007). Many organisations do not have any portfolio management process running.Only the companies that feel that research frequently perform it and development is vital for the well being of the company. Only about 10 % of all organisations in the industry do have a strong portfolio management system in touch. If a portfolio management system were not in place, then all the projects in the organisation would be given equal amount of importance or authorisati on. This would result in all the projects that are going on in the organisation are given equal amount of resources (Rad, 2006).In an organisation, the project or the program manager would ensure that the project could achieve its objectives. On the other hand, the portfolio manager would ensure that the usable activities and the maintenance programs in the organisation are smooth and functional. The team leader and the middle scale managers unremarkably do the project management. On the other hand, the higher staff members including the administration do the portfolio management.The higher management of the organisation would be concentrating on the portfolio, rather than the functioning of each individual project (Brentani, 2003 & Rad, 2006). In a project or a program management, the team leaders and the manager would ensure that the staff members meet the specific goals of the project. The organisations main aim would be to deliver quality products or services. The portfolio ma nager would instead be ensuring that the goals of each and every project are in tune with that of the organisation.In the project management, a lot of importance is given to completing the tasks on time and ensuring that costs are limited. On the other hand, the portfolio management would be concentrating to a very less extent on fulfilling completion tasks on time and using the minimal amount of resources. The members of the portfolio management team would include the leader, the stakeholder, advocates, project managers and the office managers (Brentani, 2003, Stanford University, 2007 & Rad, 2006). The project or the program management should work in coordination with the portfolio management.Several processes in the project such as selection of the resources, prioritisation of the targets of the project, and the resource allocation should be performed in the most appropriate manner. The decision-making of the project needs to be very active and dynamic in nature. Informed decisio n-making and resource allocation is very important for the project to function properly. The project or program manager has to ensure that certain structures or a framework in the organisation is in place before the functional activities can be carried out.The project environment should be such that the objectives kept in mind can be achieved. The program manager and the portfolio manager should ensure that an environment is created that would be contributory to achieving the objectives of the organisation. The project members should function as a team so that the objectives are met. The team working on the project should have the skill, experience, knowledge and the competence to carry out the tasks of the project.One of the main reasons why projects do not succeed is because they may take long time to produce the results or may consume a lot of the resources. To ensure the project is effective (to ensure completion of the tasks) and efficient (completion of the tasks with appropr iate use of the resources) in its objectives, it is very much needed that both the project management and the portfolio management work in soused coordination with each other (Brentani, 2003 & Rad, 2006). The management activities of the portfolio management would be repetitive in nature.On the other hand, the management activities of the project management would be cyclic in nature. If the portfolio manager can take care of the functioning of all the projects, then the organisation can be considered to be very competitive. If a project does well, it would have an tint on the functioning of the organisation, but also on other projects (Brentani, 2003 & Rad, 2006). Portfolio management would definitely help the organisation to grow, expand and develop. The wealth of the organisation would increase with an effective portfolio management strategy.The portfolio manager would be bringing in various assets (including infrastructure, support systems, financial resources, human resources, logistics, etc) and securities into the organisation. He would be considering investing in various ways including growth stock investing and value stock investing. From time to time, the objectives of the organisation would transfer and hence, it is the duty of the portfolio managers to vary the investment pattern in the organisation. A greater amount of flexibility would be required.The management expressive style of the portfolio managers should also vary depending on the needs (Brentani, 2003). A portfolio manager and the program/project manager would be concentrating on different characteristics of the project. The portfolio manager would be using the PPM (project portfolio management) tools, whereas the project manager would be using the single-project management tools. The PPM tools would ensure that the functioning becomes more and more efficient, the costs are effectively distributed and the profits of the organisation are increased.It also ensures that the organisation is following a particular framework whilst managing the projects (Brentani, 2003 & UMT, 2007). Each project has to be carefully planned and implemented in the organisation. The entire project management should be done in phases. The project management tools would ensure that the staff members make effective use of the resources in the organisation and ensure completion of the targets that are required within the project. The project manager would have to motivate the staff so that the work is improved in quality and the project is able to achieve its targets.Only if the management practises of the project are appropriate, could it be able to achieve its objectives (Free Management Library, 2007, Brentani, 2003 & Rad, 2006). The program strategy would be concerning a greater amount of innate issues with relation to the project, whereas the project portfolio management would be concerning the external issues. It is necessary that the portfolio mangers align their objectives as per t he strategic objectives of each program.The portfolio processes should be customised to suit other management processes that would be functional in the organisation, simultaneously. Both program strategy management and portfolio management involve interacting with the clients, and hence demonstrate the importance of clients with respect to management and its processes (Stanford University, 2007). References Brentani, C. (2003), Portfolio Management, Elsevier, Philadelphia http//books. google. com/books? id=8LJrilH_eEEC&pg=PT14&dq=portfolio+management&sig=x-IYrHl67RaZTocKedqv_fTBX3wPPT16,M1Crow, K. (2004), A Practical Approach To Portfolio Management, Online, operational http//www. npd-solutions. com/portfolio. html, Accessed 2007, majestic 18. Free Management Library (2007), Project Management, Online, Available http//www. managementhelp. org/plan_dec/project/project. htm, Accessed 2007, August 18. Oracle (2007), Peoplesoft Enterprise Project Portfolio Management, Online, Availabl e http//www. oracle. com/media/peoplesoft/en/pdf/datasheets/e_epm_ds_projportmgmt_41005. pdf, Accessed 2007, August 18. Rad, P.F. & Levin, G. (2006), Project Portfolio Management, IIL, New York. http//books. google. com/books? id=PUavbSMdP7QC&pg=PA7&dq=project+portfolio+management&sig=Nwscmbzr4s8B_X2cHG26-1hiW9YPPA10,M1 Stanford Advanced Project Management (2007), Mastering the Project Portfolio, Online, Available http//apm. stanford. edu/courses/MPP. html, Accessed 2007, August 18. Stanford University (2007), Portfolio Management Team, Online, Available http//www. stanford. edu/dept/its/projects/PMO/files/pmt. html, Accessed 2007, August 18.Walter, S. L. (1999), Defining and developing program strategies, Online, Available http//www. sil. org/lingualinks/literacy/PlanALiteracyProgram/DefiningAndDevelopingProgramSt. htm, Accessed 2007, August 18. Walter, S. L. (1999), Defining program objectives, Online, Available http//www. sil. org/lingualinks/literacy/PlanALiteracyProgram/Definin gProgramObjectives. htm, Accessed 2007, August 18. UMT Consulting Services (2007), PPM Project Portfolio Management Consulting, Online, Available http//www.umt. com/site/PPM-Consulting_60. html? PHPSESSID=9917b5631be27d19dbb1d077885e2866, Accessed 2007, August 18. UMT Consulting Group (2007), Whats Really tearaway(a) the Importance of Portfolio Management? (DM Review, February 27, 2004), Online, Available http//www. umt. com/site/Why-Portfolio-Management_4. html, Accessed 2007, August 18. University of Texas DIIA (2007), Project management tutorial, Online, Available http//www. utexas. edu/academic/cit/howto/tutorials/project/index. html, Accessed 2007, August.

What You Pawn I Will Redeem

The first part of this assignment asks us to list three human beings of fiction that you have interpret. This interrogative is not easy for me being that I havent read many books in my life quantify. The all book I have read is the Holy Bible. I have read several books to my children much(prenominal) as The Three Little Pigs, and Little Red Robin and separate children nursery rhymes short stories. What I liked about culture the stories to my children was watching and listening to them asks questions about the story and seeing their expression when the braggy bad wolf tried to blow their ho single-valued functions down.What I like about the Bible is it is full of quotes and stories that expire me encouragement when I am button through. I read my Bible when things argon not going right in my life and I can find comfort in the scriptures. The books of Psalms are considered songs that can comfort you, and convict you. When I read my bible I feel a linkup with God, and this is a wonderful experience. The Bible teaches me how I am to treat my neighbors. It teaches me that if I dont resolve then I cant. It prepares me for Jesus return and if I want to make heaven my consummate(a) home then I have to follow the guidelines that are in the 66 books of the bible.Literature to me is reading different ways that writers put words together and make it into a story, a poem and other reading material. Literature is a source of expression of ones thoughts that is put onto paper for others to read and gain insight on other mickles thoughts. Literature comes in different forms such as books, and magazines. There are other ways literature can be enjoyed by e verybody however if you have a disability such as a blind psyche can use Braille and listen to a book in audio format. My thoughts on why I call up literature is valuable or a waste of time is I have mixed speck about this.I believe literature is valuable because it helps us to understand the thoughts of othe rs. Literature is valuable in this day and age because if you cannot read or write you will have a hard time finding ways to support yourself and your family. To me it is a waste when your career choice is Medical Coding and Billing, and they roll you a literature course that has nothing to do with what you are paying good cash to tick off your career chose. Part B What are the main points of this piece? They are talking about a homeless man that is dealing with his biological family and the people who live on he street with him that he calls family too. He deals with his being a Native American Indian and being stereotype by others. eve though we as a people stereotype others by how they search, where they live or because they dont look or do the same as you do, the cause wants the people to know all people can be redeemed no matter how low they get in life. What are the images the author conjures for the reader? Some of the images I seen were after fifty years of not knowing who stole their grandmothers regalia and it suddenly appears as capital of Mississippi and his friends are on the streets panhandling.Another image was the yellow bead that was sew together somewhere into the regalia. This was a tribal tradition to hide it in the regalia so it wouldnt be easy to find. What does the grandmother regalia symbolize? The regalia was worn when they participated in the powwow dance, which was a traditional ceremony performed by the Native American Indians. It is a decorative cloth with feathers and beads which are stitched in. It reflects an individuals life and their circumstances. How does the author use the element of surprise?What You Pawn I go away RedeemEnglish 102 MWF 11-1150 I really enjoyed the story What You Pawn I will Redeem. It was very well written and kept my attention throughout the story. It is amazing that he walked by a loan office and immediately recognized his grandmothers regalia without ever seeing it other than in pictures. I enjoy reading about Native American cultures and beliefs. There was a lot of humor in this story and Jackson definitely did not take himself too seriously. I think the 1st person narrator was very important in telling this story.I do not feel that Jackson was an unreliable narrator because he seemed to tell it like it is. He had no reason to try to make himself look better. He seems to accept himself for who he is. He is an honest man who seems to be well liked by everybody he deals with on a regular basis, from the cop to the guy with the newspapers. He shows his struggles with alcohol and also his boastful nature. All the money he came across he spent not just on himself getting drunk but on others as well.I believe that the theme of the story is that no matter where you go in your life you never forget or really give up where you come from. Jackson Jackson has been homeless for six years away from his family in Spokane yet as soon as he saw his grandmothers regalia in the wind ow he knew it was hers even in front they find the yellow bead. It then becomes his mission to gather the money to get it back. The regalia is a piece of him and the life he left behind. Even though he does not come up with the money to buy it back he still ends up with it in the end.

Experience of Hope Among Caregivers: Concept Analysis Essay

The term expect refers to undetectable efficiency that permits us to overcome our weaknesses, boosts us up when we fall, and continue to motivate us to move forward in each given situation. The theory-based description of try for is not universal but rough sh atomic number 18d elements argon present in the definition of hope (Herth, 2000). According to Cutcliffe and Herth (2002), review of the literature has shown eight distinct identify elements that outline and describe hope, much(prenominal) as, multidimensional, dynamic in nature, essential to feel, focused on the future, personalized, part of a process, goal oriented, and connected to care for (Table 8, p.839). The theoretical background for this analysis is grounded on imagination of hope as established by Herth, who based her scheme on Stress Appraisal & Coping outline by Lazarus and Folkman (Borneman, Stahl, Ferrell & Smith, 2002).Analysis of thought of hope among phencyclidines victimisation Walker and Avant approach w feverish expend the cause of the apprehension. light of defining attributes of hope, identification of agents that affect the discernment of hope, discussion of probable consequences of hope, and ex planation of the signifi clearce of footing will facilitate the author and the reader with sharing of mutual language. Connection of hope to the vital attributes will be shown by the use of model case. irrelevant and b rescriptline case will distinguish this concept from opposite care for concepts. Review of empirical literature will provide proof of this concept existence.Aims or markIn general, analysis of specific concept aims to pull apart an interesting phenomenon with a view to understanding more slightly what it is and how it works in practice (Tutton, Seer, & Langstaff, 2009, p. 120). The objective of concept analysis is to comprehend what is the concept about and differentiate it from other(a) concepts. Furthermore, in order to modify and explain concep t that originates from nursing research, theory or practice a concept analysis is conducted. Concepts are the building blocks for nursing theories and their examination is vital to active and correct implementation (Maputle & Donavon, 2013).In nursing, the concept of hope plays significant part in the plan of care. It is assumed that this concept analysis of hopeamong caregivers will help nurses acquire stop knowledge of the concept and help them implement gained understanding in patient-centered care settings. Accurate assessment of fade hope among caregivers will allow for implementation of supporting interventions. Application of patient-centered interventions, based on acquired findings, will help with toleratey of evidence-based holistic care (Duggleby et al., 2009).Literature ReviewCaregivers of dementia patients face m whatsoever challenges on a effortless basis and their hope is very much tied to how the person they were carrying for was insideng that day (Duggleby, Will iams, Wright, & Bollinger, 2009, p. 517). The experience of carrying for a patient with dementia is encompassd to be distinctive and as vital to the experience as the distemper itself. The research has shown that physical, psychological, and ghostly stress is part of everyday struggles among caregivers. Furthermore, their physical and mental health is affected by the experience of caregiving. accept among caregivers of dementia patients balances stress and sense of well-being (Duggleby et al., 2009).According to Herth (2000), hope is one of the almost essential elements in the lives of people with crabby person and has influence on effective coping, especially during times of loss, holding, and scruple (p. 1431). Contribution from hope to provement of type of life and impact on the progression of unhealthiness, among cancer patients, has been noted. breast feeding practice has been know for contributing to support people in enhancing and preserving their hope (Herth, 2000 ). Terminally ill patients perceive hope as a treatment or cure that can extend their life heedless of their terminal figure diagnosis. They depend on hope for energy to keep moving forward when promising treatments flunk to deliver positive outcomes. Hope can offer the capability to tolerate distress and pull off with unacceptable situation. Overall, hope is exactly what is shooted to stay engaged in the living while shouldering the burden of an questionable future and it gives life pith, direction, and an optimistic focus (Johnson, 2007, p. 451).Uses of ConceptThe concept of hope is vital in terms of disease and health problems. Milne, Moyle, and Cooke (2009) examined the significance of hope for patientsdiagnosed with chronic disease, such as COPD. The live of individuals and their family members is burden by chronic illness. Dealing with condition that is chronic, on a daily basis, requires constant life modifications and hope is known for contribution to better underst anding of illness and enhances future outcomes. Additionally, hope is an intrinsic part of being compassionate a basic human response essential for life and to set about no hope is to ditch into despair (Milne, Moyle, &Cooke, 2009).Hope has been known as a significant part of patients existential needs, especially among patients that are terminally ill. Maintaining hope among home-bounded palliative patients was analyzed by the use of social and psychological approach by Olsson, stlund, Strang, Grassman, and Friedrichsen (2010). Considering that hope is a dynamic experience that is central to attaining both a meaningful life and self-respecting death, terminally ill patients, uphold it by conversing about their future and by getting aflame and practical support (Olsson et al., 2010, p. 607). Elements that nurture hope among terminally ill patients include family support, belief, short-term goal attainment, and armorial bearing of symbols that are associated with hope (Olsson, 2010). Defining AttributesThe defining attributes of hope are relief of burden and inward strength. Carrying for a loved one, who has chronic or terminal illness, can influence negatively quality-of-life and overall health. The negative consequences, such as physical, social, and economic stress can be defined as burden of caregiving. Caregivers harbour many roles and responsibilities that can affect that burden. nigh of the negative outcomes experienced by caregivers are stress, anxiety, depression, sleep deprivation, physical pain, and other chronic health conditions (Williams et al., 2013).Additionally, fear of unknown and loneliness are included in the caregivers experience. In order to manage every day challenges, caregivers rely on hope as a psychosocial and spiritual writer (Williams et al., 2013). Hope as a psychosocial and spiritual cum provides support to caregivers during challenging transitions and provides support to improve their quality of life. It is part of th e experience of caregiving, especially the uncertainty of the future. In many situations, hope serves as an inner strength to keep going and having an optimistic view of the future. Many caregivers refer to hopeas an inner source for coping with given situation (Williams et al., 2013).Model CasesCaregivers of chronically or terminally sick patients rely on hope during everyday struggles. The following model cases are presented to portray how caregivers experience hope when their loved ones suffer from chronic or terminal illness. A caregiver of a person suffering from Alzheimers disease states I think hope is the future, hope is what we do every day of our livesI think hope is to overcome any obstacles that come in our way (Duggleby et al., 2009, p. 517). Hope is what happens to me every day.It is what drives us and gets us up in the morning (Duggleby et al., 2009, p.517).It is the inner strength that helps us to overcome obstacles on a daily basis. Everyday challenges faced by care givers can be managed by incorporation of hope into finding some relief of the burden of caregiving. The initial cancer diagnosis was just over a socio-economic class pastA few weeks ago we received bad news that was hard to take inMy attendant is not showing any emotion and says he accepts it, but I am feeling anger, sadness, and fear. I am still shocked with the sobernessI try to be the best person I can be, but sometimes it is hard to find the strength to do thatI guess I need to look for hope every day because it is the one part of disease that I can control, unlike how the cancer progressesBut I can chose to hope. There may be light at the back of the tunnel yet every once in a while it sneaks in when Im not looking (Williams et al., 2013).Additional CasesAdditional cases provide an example of what the concept is not and deliver supplementary clarification (Walker & Avant, 2011). Two additional cases, contrary and borderline, are discussed to provide clarification of the co ncept of hope.Contrary CaseMr. B is a 62-year-old Caucasian who is carrying for 72-year-old Filipino wife with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mrs. B has completed several lines of chemotherapy with disease progression. Mr. B is in excellent health with no chronic health problems, and he works full time as a manager. They have two children and flipper grandchildrenMr. B and his wife do not see eye to eye on important issues and they have different styles ofcoping. Mr. B was raised as a Protestant but does not subscribe to any religion as an adult. Mrs. B is a Catholic and gains support from her faith and church community. Mr. B finds meaning and purpose in life from his family and providing for their needs. He also derives meaning from his work while experiencing the stress of ten-fold demands on his time. Mr. B has great difficulty coping with his wifes disease and treatmentMr. B describes waves of emotion and an inability to control his feeling of helplessness, ange r, and fear.He chooses not to share his feelings with his wife for fear that he may cause her more distress. While struggling with many unknowns, Mr. B anticipates being alone in the home the couple has shared for more than 40 years. He perceives that his responsibility as a caregiver is to protect Mrs. B from suffering and negativity (Fujinami, Otis-Green, Klein, Sidhu, & Ferrell (2012), p. E213). This case study presents a scenario of struggling with burden of caregiving. Mr. B has no inner strength to cope with his situation. He feels hopeless and decides not to inform his wife about struggles with his role as caregiver and fading hope. Open communication with his wife about struggles with many unknowns could transmit Mr. B some hope and relief from burden of his wifes disease.Borderline caseSome of the critical attributes of the concept of hope are present in a borderline case (Walker & Avant, 2011). The beside case offers similar attributes to the main concept . A 46-year-old woman, incompletely injured at C5, moving approximately with the aid of crutches and a wheelchair, described her personal experiences of faith, hope and will power I really have hope, you always have hope, you just hope to manage a new, little thing, and then you hope to espouseand if you have faith, then you hope and thenand all the time you have this (hope) within you, and to keep it (the hope) you need the will as well as the belief that you will make itAnd she summarized her years experience as follows I really need to have hope. I need both faith and hope to cope with this. And willpower. Because if I give up, I will end up sitting here (in a wheelchair) and zip fastener can help me ( Lohne, & Severinsson, (2005), p. 319). According to this case, faith, hope and will power are relentlessly related. Patients who suffer from traumatic injuries depend on on hope to cope with a new situation. They also needwillpower, faith to hope and effectively cope with lifestyle changes.Ant ecedents and ConsequencesThe circumstances or instances occurring prior to main concept are the antecedents (Walker & Avant, 2011). Antecedent to hope can be related to crisis. The examples of crisis include terminal or chronic illness, hardship, harm, a life frightening condition, or a change. Tough decision that needs to be made or a challenge in ones life could also be an antecedent to hope. Overall, antecedent to hope can be anything that is crucial in persons life since hope is exceptionally linked to persons life experiences (Stephenson, 1991). The consequences or outcomes of hope can be a new perspective (Stephenson, 1991, p. 1459). Hope provide inner strength, empower and energy in ones life experience. Fulfillment of hope delivers encouragement, purpose for ones actions, calmness, and relief (Stephenson, 1991).Empirical ReferentsThe theoretical framework offers different structure for understanding the concept of hope. Herth (2000) pursued to establish if theory driven inte rventions enhance hope and quality-of-life among participants with an initial relapse of cancer. Groundwork for this study was constructed on The Hope Process Framework. Implementation of nursing interventions during group session intended to focus on diverse attributes of hope, such as experimental (searching for hope), spiritual or transcendent (expending the boundaries), relational (connecting with others), and rational thought (building the hopeful veneer) (Herth, 2000, p. 1434).This study has shown that by focusing on the four attributes of hope, patient-centered nursing interventions enhance the level of hope and increase patients quality of life. fit research instruments are mandatory to assess the concept of hope. In order to measure the level of hope Herth Hope Index (HHI) can be used. HHI is a valuable instrument that is used to measures hope using 12-item Likert-type scale. The level of hope among terminally ill patients was assessed by the use of HHI and Background Data Form (BDF). The BDF delivered breeding on age, sex, diagnosis, and level of education, activity and fatigue. The results have shown no influence on the level of hope by those variables, moreover, reveling that hope remained stable(Herth, 1990).ConclusionThis paper sought to deliver concept analysis of hope. The understanding of this concept analysis was based on literature, attributes, and empirical evidence. The critical attributes, antecedents, and consequences were identified and empirical reference was provided for better understanding. Hope as a concept is multidimensional and the understanding of hope among caregivers of chronically or terminally ill patients is significant. Hope gives inner strength and relief of burden of caregiving daily and should be nurtured and cherished before it fades.ReferencesBorneman, T., Stahl, C., Ferrell, B., & Smith, D. (2002). The concept of hope in family caregivers of cancer patients at home. ledger of Hosipce and Pallitive Nursing, 4(1), 21-33. Retrieved from http//prc.coh.org/CHopeFCG.pdf Cutcliffe, J., & Herth, K. (2002). Concept of hope. The concept of hope in nursing 1 its origins, background and nature. British diary Of Nursing, 11(12), 832. Duggleby, W., Williams, A., Wright, K., & Bollinger, S. (2009). Renewing everyday hope the hope experience of family caregivers of persons with dementia. Issues In Mental Health Nursing, 30(8), 514-521. doi10.1080/01612840802641727 Fujinami, R., Otis-Green, S., Klein, L., Sidhu, R., & Ferrell, B. (2012). Quality of Life of Family Caregivers and Challenges Faced in Caring for Patients With Lung Cancer. Clinical Journal Of Oncology Nursing, 16(6), E210-20. doi10.1188/12.CJON.E210-E220 Herth, K. (1990). Fostering hope in terminally-ill people. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 15(11), 1250-1259. doi10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01740.x Herth. K. (1999). Herth Hope Index. Retrieved from http//www.promotingexcellence.org/downloads/measures/herth_hope_index.pdf Herth, K. (2000). Enhanci ng hope in people with a first recurrence of cancer. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 32(6), 1431-1441. doi10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01619.x Johnson, S. (2007). Hope in the terminal illness an evolutionary concept analysis. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 13(9), 2007. Lohne, V., & Severinsson, E. (2005). Patients experiences of hope and suffering during the first year followingacute spinal cord injury. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 14(3), 285-293. Maputle, M. S., & Donavon, H. (2013). Woman-centred care in childbirth A concept analysis (Part 1). Curationis, 36(1), 1-8. doi10.4102/curaionis.v36i1.49 Milne, L., Moyle, W., & Cooke, M. (2009). Hope a construct central to living with chronic clogging pulmonary disease. International Journal Of Older People Nursing, 4(4), 299-306. doi10.1111/j.1748-3743.2009.00185.x Olsson, L., stlund, G., Grassman, E., Friedrichsen, M., & Strang, P. (2010). Maintaining hope when close to death insight from cancer patients in palliative home care. International Journal Of Palliative Nursing, 16(12), 607-612. Stephenson, C. (1991). The concept of hope revisited for nursing. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 16(12), 1456-1461. Tutton, E., Seer, K., & Langstaff, D. (2009). An exploration of hope as a concept for nursing. Journal of orthopedic nursing, 13(3), 119-127. Retrieved from http//www.hopeforthespirit.info/quality_webquest/Tutton_et_al_2009.pdf Walker, L.O., & Avant, K.C. (2011). Strategies for theory verbal expression in nursing (5th ed.). Norwalk, CT Appleton, Lange.Williams, A., Duggleby, W., Eby, J., Cooper, R., Hallstrom, L., Holtslander, L., & Thomas, R. (2013). Hope against hope exploring the hopes and challenges of rural female caregivers of persons with advanced cancer. BMC Palliative Care, 12(1), 44. doi10.1186/1472-684X-12-44